Abdominal and Pelvic Pain During Pregnancy

If you experience unexpected abdominal and pelvic pain during pregnancy, it's easy to worry. But while some pain may need medical attention, sometimes instances of pain are relatively harmless.

Some Reasons for Abdominal Pain

As you go through pregnancy, you may find that you experience various pains in the abdominal area; these are generally normal although they can be very painful or uncomfortable. Here are some of the reasons you may experience abdominal pain:

1. Early Pregnancy - When the Embryo Starts to Embed itself

Discomfort in the abdominal area is common during Early Pregnancy. One of the first times when you may experience pain is around the time of your first missed period. For a day or two, some women have a pain that's low down in the abdomen and feels a bit like a dull period pain, as if your period is about to start. It's thought that this is because the embryo is beginning to embed itself in the soft lining of your uterus at this time.

2. The 3rd/4th Month - Ligament Aches

During the third or fourth month of pregnancy, women frequently get a sharp stabbing pain in their groin or to one side. It may come on at sudden intervals, might be worse if you suddenly get up, stretch or move and it might disappear then reappear a few days later. It can be really worrying to suddenly get pains like this, but usually it's due to the ligaments or muscles around your uterus in your pelvis stretch and thicken as they support your growing baby.

3. When the Baby Grows - Constipation and Bloating

Constipation, bloating and wind can also cause aches, pains and abdominal discomfort. Constipation is often caused by the pressure of your growing bump on your rectum, as well as hormones which are said to slow down the movement of food through your digestive system. These factors are also involved in bloating and wind, too, with your growing uterus pressing on your intestines.

4. Later Pregnancy - Braxton Hicks

In later pregnancy, Braxton Hicks contractions may cause some pain. These contractions, which are irregular tightenings of the uterus, can occur from early pregnancy, but most women don't notice them until the latter half. They're generally started of by either you or the baby moving, or if someone touches your stomach. It's a normal part of pregnancy, but can feel very odd. If you're concerned or the contractions become more frequent, talk to your doctor.

Abdominal Pain to Worry About

During early pregnancy it is always advisable to seek medical advice with any abdominal pain. The first thing the doctors/midwife will check for is ectopic pregnancy.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy happens when the fertilised egg implants itself outside of the womb. The most common place for this to occur is in the fallopian tube, this is known as a tubal pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancies can also occur in an ovary, the abdominal space and also in the cervix (which is the neck of the womb).

Here are a few things to note about ectopic pregnancies:

• Ectopic pregnancies are serious and because of where the egg has implanted itself in the fallopian tube it can not be saved
• With ectopic pregnancies early diagnosis is key, if diagnosed early the pregnancy can be ended safely and without any complication
• Ending the pregnancy would be done using medication or surgery depending how far along the pregnancy is
• Early diagnosis also greatly improves chances of a normal pregnancy at a later date. If it is not diagnosed and is left untreated a tubal pregnancy can be fatal, the fallopian tube can split causing internal bleeding and blood loss

Facts About Ectopic Pregnancies

• In the UK 1 in 80 pregnancies is ectopic
• There are at least 11,000 ectopic pregnancies in the UK each year
• In the UK 5 (approx) women die each year from ectopic pregnancy.

Abdominal Pains: When to Contact a Medical Professional

If you're at all worried about the abdominal pain you're getting, always consult a doctor, midwife or maternity unit immediately. This is particularly so if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• During early pregnancy – severe cramp in your lower abdomen, which lasts for several hours, is accompanied by vaginal bleeding and doesn't ease. This could be the signs of a Miscarriage.
• During early pregnancy – severe pain on one side of your lower abdomen, plus bleeding or a brown discharge from your vagina. This could be sign of an ectopic pregnancy.
• At any time – pain or discomfort when urinating, a fever, pelvic discomfort, a frequent urge to urinate, chills, pain in your lower back or side, nausea, vomiting or blood in your urine. This could be a sign of a Urinary Tract or kidney infection, which being pregnant makes you more susceptible to.
• During later pregnancy – pain in the upper abdomen, along with symptoms such as a very bad headache, nausea, vomiting, flashing lights or seeing spots in front of your eyes. This could be a sign of Pre-eclampsia.
• During later pregnancy – severe pain in your lower abdomen, with or without bleeding. This could indicate a separating placenta.

Pelvic Pain

Occasional aches in your pelvic region are common and usually nothing to worry about, but one in 35 women get pelvic joint pain (Symphysis Publis Dysfunction). During pregnancy, a hormone called relaxin is released, which softens the joints ready for the birth of your baby. But for women with pelvic joint pain, the hormone goes overboard and causes the ligaments to soften and stretch too much.

The pelvis is made up of four separate bones which are joined at the front by the symphysis pubis and it's normal for there to be a gap of 4-5mm between the two pubic points. During pregnancy, the gap widens by another 2-3mm, but when it stretches too far it results in pain and discomfort. This normally occurs from the second trimester onwards, but it can happen at any stage or even after you've given birth.

The Symptoms for SPD Include:

• Pain in your pubic area and groin.
• Pain in the inside of your thighs.
• Lower back and hip pain.
• Pain when you walk, move or go up stairs.
• A clicking sound that you can hear.
• A feeling that your bones are grinding together.
• Difficulty and pain when you try to open your legs.

If you experience any of these symptoms, then speak to your doctor or midwife. If they do think it's SPD, you'll be referred to an obstetric physiotherapist, who can offer the best course of treatment. It can make giving birth a bit uncomfortable, but make sure everyone knows what's wrong and that you find a position that is comfortable for you.

Pain Relief in Pregnancy

There are many times during pregnancy when you'll experience twinges or even 'non-pregnancy' pains like headaches and so on. Read our Pain Relief feature if you are wondering what kind of remedy is safe to take, at each stage of pregnancy.

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